What is How to compress a PDF (without losing quality)?
PDFs balloon in size because of embedded high-resolution images, scanned pages, redundant fonts, and unoptimised metadata. The biggest wins come from re-encoding embedded images at a lower DPI / quality.
The fastest way to compress a PDF without paying for desktop software is to use a privacy-first in-browser tool. Below is the exact step-by-step using Shrink44.